Summary: Our research findings show that the King James
translators worked on material (textus receptus that largely came from the
vulgate) that originated Saint
Jerome. To conclude our findings as laid out below, we believe that God
has indeed preserved his holy word throughout history and he used men that
were dedicated to their faith in God as well as their personal ideals (as
in the case of Erasmus, a humanist). Also read birthplace
of manuscripts.
REM: Go to the bottom of this page and come up/forward in
history.
Desiderius Erasmus
Roterodamus (1466-1536) Profile:
Erasmus was responsible for the Textus Receptus (Latin: "received text") it is the
name given to the succession of printed Greek texts of the New Testament
which constituted the translation base for the original German Luther Bible, the
translation of the New Testament
into English by William Tyndale, the King James Version, the Spanish
Reina-Valera translation, the Russian
Synodal Bible and most Reformation-era New Testament translations
throughout Western and Central Europe. The series originated with the first
printed Greek New Testament, published in 1516 a work undertaken in Basel
by the Dutch Catholic scholar and humanist Desiderius Erasmus.
Erasmus had been working for years on two projects: a
collation of Greek texts and a fresh Latin New Testament. In 1512, he began
his work on a fresh Latin New Testament. He collected all the Vulgate
manuscripts he could find to create a critical edition. Then he polished
the Latin.
TTGM: Erasmus trusted the works of
St. Jerome and from this he put together the Textus Receptus (Greek and
Latin translation) of the Bible. The Textus Receptus was then used in the
making of the King James version and others as stated above.
Byzantine text-type manuscripts -> Vulgate ->Textus
Receptus -> King James, German Luther Bible, New Testament into English
by William Tyndale, Spanish Reina-Valera translation, The Russian Synodal
Bible and others as mentioned above.
See also William
Tyndale a contemporary of Erasmus
Ref. from
en.wikipedia.org - HERE
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John Wycliffe
(1320-1384) Profile:
Wycliffe attacked the privileged status of the clergy, which
was central to their powerful role in England. He then attacked the luxury
and pomp of local parishes and their ceremonies.
Wycliffe was also an advocate for translation of the Bible
into the vernacular. He completed a translation directly from the Vulgate into Middle English in the year 1382, now
known as Wycliffe's Bible. It is probable that he personally translated the
Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John; and it is possible he translated
the entire New Testament, while his associates translated the Old
Testament.
Wycliffe's Bible appears to have been completed by 1384,
with additional updated versions being done by Wycliffe's assistant John
Purvey and others in 1388 and 1395.
TTGM: John Wycliffe trusted the
works of St. Jerome and from this, translated the Bible into the language
of the people. The Wycliffe Bible came from the Vulgate; the vulgate in
turn came from the Greek manuscripts that originated from Antioch.
Byzantine text-type manuscripts -> Vulgate -> Wycliffe
Bible
Ref. from en.wikipedia.org - HERE
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Saint Jerome
(347-420) Profile:
Returning to Antioch in 378 or 379, he was ordained by
Bishop Paulinus, apparently
unwillingly (TTGM: shows humility) and on condition that he
continue his ascetic life. Soon afterward, he went to Constantinople to
pursue a study of Scripture under Gregory Nazianzen.
He seems to have spent two years there, then left, and the
next three (382385) he was in Rome again, as secretary to Pope Damasus I
and the leading Roman Christians.
Invited originally for the synod of 382, held to end the
schism of Antioch as there were rival claimants to be the proper patriarch
in Antioch. Jerome had accompanied one of the claimants, Paulinus back to
Rome in order to get more support for him, and distinguished himself to the
pope, and took a prominent place in his councils.
He was given duties in Rome, and he undertook a revision of the Latin Bible, to be based on the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament.
He also updated the Psalter containing the Book of Psalms then at use
in Rome based on the Septuagint. Though he did not realize it yet,
translating much of what became the Latin
Vulgate Bible would take many years and be his most important
achievement.
TTGM: Saint Jerome spent time in
Antioch where the Byzantine text-type manuscripts originated; also known as
the majority text. Jerome had direct
access to the original Greek manuscript copies of the New testament and
from this he translated it into Latin; hence the birth of the Latin Vulgate
Bible. Again, the Latin Vulgate was based on the Byzantine text-type manuscripts
that came from Antioch. Proof of this can be seen when we use the
comparison method between the two works (vulgate = majority text/Byzantine
text-type).
Byzantine text-type manuscripts -> Latin Vulgate
Ref. from en.wikipedia.org - HERE
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Start with Jerome and page up.
Birthplaces of manuscript lines and a key to identifying God's
Word
1. In Acts 13, Saul becomes Paul (vs. 9) and is part of
the church at Antioch. (vs. 1) Paul and Barnabus
are separated out from the rest "for the work whereunto I have called
them", God said. (vs2) They preached
in a number of places (nowhere near Egypt) and by verse 49 we learn the
keys words, "And the word of the Lord was published throughout all the region." (That phrase is a key to
understanding which text is the true word of God).
So, where was the word of the Lord published - Alexandria or
Antioch?
2. If we trace the manuscripts back to their origins,
there are only two sources for them - Antioch and Alexandria.
Text types that represent a time period or location are traceable back to
one of two families of manuscripts - the Majority text and the
Minority text - the Majority text originating in Antioch,
Syria and the Minority text originating in Alexandria, Egypt.
3. The Majority text (literally) includes approximately
99% of the 5,000+ extant manuscripts (meaning manuscripts that are in
existence today). These manuscripts include the ones used by the King
James Bible translators and they have a high level of agreement with
each other. The Minority text (literally) includes the remaining less
than 1% of extant manuscripts. These manuscripts include those
used by all modern versions and they have a high level of disagreement
between each other (For example, Sinaiticus and Vaticanus, the two principal Alexandrian manuscripts by
far, disagree with each other in over 3,000 places in the four gospels
alone - see chart below).
a. The Differences Between Sinaiticus
and Vaticanus in the Four Gospels:
Matthew
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656+
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Mark
|
567+
|
Luke
|
791+
|
John
|
1022+
|
Total
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3036+
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b. Modern translators have sub-divided the two families
into Alexandrian, Western, Caesarean, and Byzantine categories, but
this division obscures the fact that only two origins exist. The
first three categories originate from Alexandria and the latter from
Antioch;
c. Other names given to the Majority text include:
the Antiochian text, Byzantine text,
Traditional text, Apostolic text, the Eastern text and the Textus Receptus (Latin for
Received Text).
d. Therefore, we will refer to the two lineages based on
their origins: Antioch/Antiochian and
Alexandria/Alexandrian.
Read More for further study (TTGM: considered an accurate
source)
Other References for further study:
Alexandrian
text-type (this is what the minority text was written in and it came
from Alexandria, Egypt)
Byzantine
text-type (this was what the majority text was written in and it came
from Antioch)
Vulgate
(taken from Byzantine text-type confirmed)
Codex
Alexandrinus
Codex
Vaticanus (TTGM: accuracy in question)
Codex
Sinaiticus (TTGM: accuracy in question)
Textus Receptus (came
largely from Latin vulgate)
School
of Antioch (majority text came from here)
Basic tools for Study see
approach to study:
1. A King James Bible Software
we highly recommend theWord
(free)
2. A Strongs Concordance
Software with a concordance we recommend is again theWord.
King James Bible for Android - KJV (free)
Also try for Android And Bible (free)
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TTGM
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